|
|
Development of masonry systems with utilization in flood areas
Fabiánková, Aneta ; Sedlmajer, Martin (referee) ; Zach, Jiří (advisor)
Thesis describes the system of masonry structures in floodareas. It is based on liteature review of floods, mapping mansonry load during floods, dyinig after the passage of the flood wave solutions and water impermeability construction to prevent degradation and destruction. The main part is the design of the wall, which connectes hydrophobic individual elements of construction to provide resistence during floods. The diploma thesis includes practical verification of the functionality of a complete proposal to ensure the smallest possible water absorption caúitaly of the structure.
|
|
|
Open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout
Hruška, Lukáš ; Mondschein,, Petr (referee) ; Hýzl, Petr (advisor)
Aim of this thesis is the usage of the open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout in the road structures. Thesis defines the main concrete properties and explains related legislation and norms that apply. In addition, laboratory design of asfalt mixtures and a tree kind mortal filler and possibilities of mortal filler pigmentation are dealth with. Finally, thesis evaluates the results from various laboratory tests that were performed on the specimens made from final mixtures.
|
|
|
Multi-component signalling in turtles and squamate reptiles
Brejcha, Jindřich ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Rehák, Ivan (referee) ; Carazo, Pau (referee)
Multicomponent signals are complex stimuli directed to receptors of only single modality. Colourful ornaments of animals are multicomponent signals. In this thesis I present results of studies on the origin of coloration in turtles and squamate reptiles together with notes on relativistic view of the functionality of animal coloration. The results show that turtle coloration, which have been studied only marginally until now, is shaped by sexual selection. It is shown that turtles share mechanisms of coloration by vertical organization of different pigment cell types together with squamate reptiles. Turtles also produce colour by organization of collagen fibres which share trait with birds and mammals. Mechanisms of body coloration differ dramatically between closely related turtle species studied even though the individual constituting components are shared among these species. On the example of polymorphic lizards, it is shown that qualitative categorical difference between groups of individuals of the same population are maintained based on quantitative changes in pigment contents regulated by ancient loci shared by different species. The turtles and reptiles are valuable source of our knowledge on the evolution of multicomponent visual signalling due to their intriguing composition of skin....
|
|
|
Melanism in free living vertebrates
Slavíková, Ema ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Exnerová, Alice (referee)
Melanism is an over-development of melanin in the skin and its cover that is described in a large number of species in vertebrates. Increasing number of studies observing melanistic traits in animal species tends to reveal genetical, physiological and behavioural characteristics associated with dark pigmentation. This bachelor thesis briefly summarizes knowledge about occurrence and characteristics of melanistic animals associated with their specific pigmentation. Presented are rules and theories associated with melanism in vertebrates, e.g., melanocortin theory, thermal hypothesis and Gloger's rule.
|
|
|
Associations between red colour of hair and other morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits
Musil, Martin ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fiala, Vojtěch (referee)
Hair and skin colour are one of the most visible external features that can be encountered in humans. Red hair colour is the least common colour. It is associated with fair skin, which is prone to ultraviolet radiation. This is captured by eumelanin, which is less common in redheads because they have more pheomelanin pigment. Because of this, red-haired people are in a higher risk of developing malignant melanoma. This risk is further increased by more freckles and nevi on the skin. The major gene behind red hair is MC1R. This gene forms a receptor that binds hormones that regulate pigment production. Red-haired people have a gene allele that is demonstrated by partial or complete loss of MC1R receptor function. According to some studies, red hair also affects how red-haired people feel pain and whether they need more anaesthetics to induce general anaesthesia. The practical part of this work consists of a survey which topics are covered in published studies that mention red hairs in their title or abstract. The survey was conducted on three search engine Web of science, Google scholar and PubMed. All databases contained the most articles that linked red hairs as a risk for malignant melanoma. Key words: redhair, phenotype, human, eumelanin, pheomelanin, pigmentation, melanoma
|
|
|
Multi-component signalling in turtles and squamate reptiles
Brejcha, Jindřich ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Rehák, Ivan (referee) ; Carazo, Pau (referee)
Multicomponent signals are complex stimuli directed to receptors of only single modality. Colourful ornaments of animals are multicomponent signals. In this thesis I present results of studies on the origin of coloration in turtles and squamate reptiles together with notes on relativistic view of the functionality of animal coloration. The results show that turtle coloration, which have been studied only marginally until now, is shaped by sexual selection. It is shown that turtles share mechanisms of coloration by vertical organization of different pigment cell types together with squamate reptiles. Turtles also produce colour by organization of collagen fibres which share trait with birds and mammals. Mechanisms of body coloration differ dramatically between closely related turtle species studied even though the individual constituting components are shared among these species. On the example of polymorphic lizards, it is shown that qualitative categorical difference between groups of individuals of the same population are maintained based on quantitative changes in pigment contents regulated by ancient loci shared by different species. The turtles and reptiles are valuable source of our knowledge on the evolution of multicomponent visual signalling due to their intriguing composition of skin....
|
|
|
Variability of skin colour: causes and implications
Mašek, Jan ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
Melanin acts as a solar radiation filter. Genes are responsible for the amount and the type of the melanin produced, however also an UV radiation is able to induce a melanin synthesis. It appears that the UV radiation has been the determining factor in the human evolution to which the skin colour had to adapt. The original colour of skin was fair and pigmentation has developed after the loss of fur. High levels of UV radiation in equatorial Africa presented a selection pressure for dark pigmentation due to its negative effect on skin. On the other hand, it is important that the skin is bright enough so that a part of the UV radiation could pass through and launch the synthesis of vitamin D. When anatomically modern humans spread out of Africa, a decrease in pigmentation occurred in order to adapt for new levels of the UV radiation in new regions. Nutrition and sexual selection also have an effect on the formation of the skin colour but they have rather secondary importance. The variability of this trait is high between populations but very low within the populations, what testifies to a very intense natural selection. It has also been proven that there is a connection between civilization diseases, such as cancer. Differences in the skin colour have also been and still are important for social...
|
|
|
Development of masonry systems with utilization in flood areas
Fabiánková, Aneta ; Sedlmajer, Martin (referee) ; Zach, Jiří (advisor)
Thesis describes the system of masonry structures in floodareas. It is based on liteature review of floods, mapping mansonry load during floods, dyinig after the passage of the flood wave solutions and water impermeability construction to prevent degradation and destruction. The main part is the design of the wall, which connectes hydrophobic individual elements of construction to provide resistence during floods. The diploma thesis includes practical verification of the functionality of a complete proposal to ensure the smallest possible water absorption caúitaly of the structure.
|
|
|
Open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout
Hruška, Lukáš ; Mondschein,, Petr (referee) ; Hýzl, Petr (advisor)
Aim of this thesis is the usage of the open-graded asphalt concrete filled with a special cement grout in the road structures. Thesis defines the main concrete properties and explains related legislation and norms that apply. In addition, laboratory design of asfalt mixtures and a tree kind mortal filler and possibilities of mortal filler pigmentation are dealth with. Finally, thesis evaluates the results from various laboratory tests that were performed on the specimens made from final mixtures.
|
|
|
Genetic basement of coat colour of horses
BALCAROVÁ, Anna
The aim of my bachelor work was to develop a literary study of the genetic foundation of color in horses. I outlined the principles of heredity by Mendel laws. I described the characteristics of individual colors and genes that influence them. Genes that affect the color of horses are becoming more and are constantly new. So I devoted to genes that have been characterized and described. I have mentioned but a few of those that have not been clarified.
|
guest ::
